The patron saint of Poggio a Caiano is Saint Matthias the Apostle, celebrated on 15 November.
The town became an independent comune, by separation, on 14 July 1962. Sculptures from Livorno and Florence, including works linked to Michelangelo's New Sacristy, were also moved to the Medici Villa of Poggio a Caiano complex. The town also holds the Church of Santa Cristina in Pilli and the Ardengo Soffici and 20th-Century Italian Art Museum.