Following the July 1544 raid by Ottoman admiral Khayr al-Din Barbarossa and Rais Dragut, which devastated the town and resulted in the enslavement of its population, Emperor Charles V commissioned a massive rebuilding of the city's defenses between 1529 and 1575. The resulting fortress sits atop a 50-meter-high volcanic promontory known as the Civita, towering directly over the Tyrrhenian Sea.
What to see
The 16th-century Spanish curtain walls incorporate structures from earlier eras, including 12th-century Norman towers and a Greek tower dating back to the mid-4th century BC. From the Greek period, established around 580–576 BC by colonists from Knidos and Rhodes, visitors can observe the Bothros of Aeolus—a votive pit covered by a basalt slab topped with a reclining lion. Archaeological excavations initiated in 1950 by Luigi Bernabò Brea revealed a ten-meter stratigraphy. This includes oval Neolithic huts measuring up to 5 meters in width with raw clay floors and broom-branch roofs, alongside larger Ausonian dwellings (15 by 7 meters) supported by vertical wooden posts. At the center of the plateau stands the Cathedral of San Bartolomeo, originally founded in 1094 by Roger I of Sicily, rebuilt after the 1544 siege, and finished with an 1861 facade. Beside it lies the Norman cloister, erected using re-purposed Roman and medieval architectural fragments. The complex also contains the 17th-century Church of Santa Caterina, the churches of Addolorata and Immacolata, and the historic buildings housing the Aeolian Regional Archaeological Museum.
Visiting
The high plateau of the castle forms a physical barrier between the bay of Marina Lunga to the north and Marina Corta to the south. Visitors enter through the fortified gateway integrated into the Spanish bastions, walking along path routes that follow the ancient Roman grid layout of cardi and decumani.
Our editors' tip
Pay close attention to the columns framing the cathedral's Norman cloister to identify decorative elements and marble fragments salvaged directly from ancient Roman structures.
