The patron saint of Monte Santa Maria Tiberina is Our Lady of the Assumption, celebrated on 15 August. The town was an imperial fief of the Bourbon del Monte marquises from as early as the 11th century, maintaining its own independence until 1803, as a free zone between Tuscany and the Papal States: its form of government was an elective monarchy, ruled by the eldest member of the family, whichever branch they belonged to, while the Bourbon of Sorbello and Petrella administered the respective neighbouring marquisates.
The Palazzo Bourbon del Monte, seat of the ruling marquises, is equipped with an imposing medieval tower: from the small balcony above the entrance, new laws were announced to the subjects, while in place of a doorway now bricked up there was once a slot for anonymous denunciations. The interior preserves sumptuous frescoed reception halls, the marquis's apartment and the departmental offices. The town also preserves the Castello di Lippiano, the Torre dell'Elci and the churches of San Michele Arcangelo, San Pietro and San Donnino.
